© Getty A stock image shows a close-up of the skin on a hand. Scientists have created 3D-printed skin. |
Scientists have created 3D-printed skin complete with blood vessels,
in an advancement which they hope could one day prevent the body
rejecting grafted tissue.
The team of researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute in New York and Yale School of Medicine combined cells found
in human blood vessels with other ingredients including animal collagen,
and printed a skin-like material. After a few weeks, the cells started
to form into vasculature. The skin was then grafted onto a mouse, and was found to connect with the animal's vessels.
PankajKarande, an associate professor of chemical and biological engineering at Rensselaer
who led the research, said in a statement: "That's extremely important,
because we know there is actually a transfer of blood and nutrients to
the graft which is keeping the graft alive."
Karande explained: "Right now, whatever is
available as a clinical product is more like a fancy Band-Aid. It
provides some accelerated wound healing, but eventually it just falls
off; it never really integrates with the host cells."
The work published in the journal Tissue Engineering Part A comes after Karande's team previously showed human cells could be used to print a material similar to the skin.
Next,
the team will look into editing the skin cells using CRISPR technology,
so they match up with the recipient's and are less likely to be
rejected by their body. Karande hopes the technology will soon help
people with pressure ulcers, or diabetics whose wounds can heal slowly.
"For those patients, these would be perfect, because ulcers usually
appear at distinct locations on the body and can be addressed with
smaller pieces of skin," he said.
DeepakVashishth, the director of the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute commented in a statement: "This significant development highlights the vast potential of 3D bioprinting in precision medicine, where solutions can be tailored to specific situations and eventually to individuals."
The
skin is the latest medical advancement made possible by 3D printing
technology. In May, a separate team of scientists brought the prospect
of 3D-printed internal organs a step closer, by creating a complex
tangle of vessels in a lung-like structure.
Kelly Stevens, an assistant professor at the University of Washington who co-authored the paper published in Science, explained to Newsweek at
the time: "The body contains various networks of 'pipes' that bring
nutrients to, and remove waste from, the organs in our body.
"Many
of these pipe networks in the body are entangled, so they have been
very hard for scientists to replicate by 3D printing. This new method
allows us to create multiple entangled networks of pipes in 3D-printed
tissues. We were surprised to see how structurally complex of features
we could print with this new method," said Stevens.
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